Abstract
In 5G vehicular services, advanced antenna systems are essential to deliver robust, reliable, and efficient wireless links under real driving conditions. Vehicles operate in highly dynamic and interference-prone radio environments, where signals are frequently obstructed by surrounding objects and rapidly changing mobility patterns. Moreover, the limited physical space available for on-board electronics further constrains antenna design. These factors collectively hinder the deployment of reliable high-capacity links, highlighting the need for advanced, compact, and resilient antenna systems tailored for vehicular communications. To meet these constraints, this paper presents a high-frequency, dual-band, super-compact MIMO antenna designed for resilient 5G vehicular communications. The proposed antenna is designed on 0.51 mm RO4350B substrate and operates in two widely separated bands 8–11 GHz (microwave band) and 24–34 GHz (mmWave band) so that a single element can support both dependable coverage and high-capacity services. The design incorporates five vertical slots integrated with three horizontal slots on patch while a partial ground plane with a square slot is incorporated on ground plane. In the 8–11 GHz range, the antenna achieves a peak gain of 4.64–5.99 dBi while in the 24–34 GHz, it provides a peak gain of 4.7–6.4 dBi, enabling high data rates and low latency for demanding applications. Across both ranges, the antenna maintains >90% radiation efficiency, while isolation between radiating elements exceeds −19 dB, ensuring reliable and energy-efficient operation. The design features a 25×10×0.51 mm3 footprint on an RO4350B substrate, making it well-suited to space-constrained vehicular platforms. Furthermore, experimental validation and link-budget analysis on a vehicular model confirm the antenna’s promising performance. By combining dual-band functionality, high efficiency, compact dimensions, and validated performance, the proposed antenna addresses user needs, service requirements, and high-frequency technology demands essential for next-generation, resilient 5G vehicular communication systems. Its dual-band capability enhances spectrum flexibility and supports diverse vehicular communication scenarios, including advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) connectivity, and high-data-rate services.
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